obsero Latin · revision 32434

+ {{homograph|1|bar, bolt}}

+

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=derivation|attested=190–159 BC, Terence|origins=ine-pro *ser-e/o-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈɔp.sɛ.roː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈɔb.se.ro]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''obserō''' (present infinitive obserāre, perfect active obserāvī, supine obserātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The verb meaning "to bolt" is [[af|la|ob-|sera|-ō|t2=bar]], a denominal verb.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) De Vaan lists [[m|la|sera|t=detachable bar]] and this verb under [[m|la|serō|t=to join, string together]], which he traces to [[itc-pro|*sere/o-]] and [[ine-pro|*ser-e/o-|t=to thread, tie together]], comparing [[grc|εἴρω|tr=eírō|t=to knit together]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Terence, who has a character told to go in and bolt the door from the inside.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is to put a bar across a door, bolt or fasten it, and so to shut off a building: Livy has the houses of the plebs barred.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Lewis & Short note that neither Cicero nor Caesar uses it.^(Lewis & Short 1879) A declamation ascribed to Quintilian has a soul shut up in a prison.^(OLD 2012) Apuleius uses it of blocking the ears or mouth: ears stopped with filth, and barking stopped with a morsel of food.^(OLD 2012) Church Latin glosses it bolt, bar, fasten.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence of bolting a door.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy of barred houses.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 125–175 AD – Apuleius of blocked ears.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|bolt|alt=bolt]], [[m|en|bar]], fasten a door; to shut off access to a building; to shut up.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Stelten 1995)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To block, obstruct the ears or mouth; to stop speech.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ {{homograph|2|sow, plant}}

+

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *si-sh₁-e/o-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈɔp.sɛ.roː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈɔb.se.ro]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''obserō''' (present infinitive obserere, perfect active obsēvī, supine obsitum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ It is also spelled ''opserō''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Accius has the syncopated perfect infinitive ''obsēsse''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The verb meaning "to sow" is [[af|la|ob-|serō|t2=to sow]].^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008) De Vaan traces [[m|la|serō]] to [[itc-pro|*si-se/o-|t=to sow]] and [[ine-pro|*si-sh₁-e/o-|t=to sow]], a reduplicated present, and compares [[lt|sė́ti|t=to sow]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Plautus, who speaks of land that gives back less than one has sown.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is to sow or plant seeds, and with an ablative to plant a place with something: Varro describes a natural hedge planted with shrubs or thorns.^(OLD 2012) Figuratively Plautus has it of sowing trouble in someone, and comically of planting punches.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Church Latin glosses it sow, plant.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of sowing seed and of sowing trouble.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 170–c. 90 BC – Accius has the form obsēsse.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro of a planted hedge.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|sow]], [[m|en|plant]]; to plant a place with something.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Stelten 1995)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Figuratively, to sow trouble, to beget.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[sera]]

+ * [[sero|alt=serō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}