fixus Latin · revision 32420

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=170–c. 90 BC, Accius|origins=ine-pro *dʰeigʷ-e/o-}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''fīxus''', fīxa, fīxum; first/second-declension adjective^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ Used as an adjective, it is the perfect passive participle [[der|la|fīgō|t=to fix, fasten]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) De Vaan calls it a secondary participle of the verb.^(de Vaan 2008) He traces [[m|la|fīgō]] to [[ine-pro|*dʰeigʷ-e/o-]] or [[m|ine-pro|*dʰiHgʷ-e/o-]], and notes that the old forms [[m|la|fīvō|alt=fīvere]] and [[m|la|offīvō|alt=offīvēbant]] keep the regular outcome of /gʷ/ between vowels, while /g/ came in from the perfect.^(de Vaan 2008) He compares [[lt|díegti|t=to plant, sting]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler dates it from Accius; de Vaan's first author for the participle with the sense “set, established” is Lucretius, who has the sky studded with twinkling stars.^(Köbler 2010)^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Most often it describes what is firmly established and cannot be changed: Cicero speaks of the censors' notes as fixed and valid for ever, and of a fixed and permanent good.^(OLD 2012) Of people it is unwavering in a resolve.^(OLD 2012) Seneca uses it of what an omen foretells, Statius of a day fixed for war, and Tacitus of Tiberius' steady purpose.^(OLD 2012) With an ablative it means set or fitted with: Manilius has hunting spears tipped with a strong point.^(OLD 2012) Church Latin glosses it fixed, fast, immovable, constant.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 170–c. 90 BC – Accius uses it.^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius of a sky studded with stars.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of decisions fixed for ever.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 98–115 AD – Tacitus of Tiberius' steady purpose.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|fixed|alt=Fixed]], fastened, set; in the senses of the verb.^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # Firmly established, [[m|en|unchangeable]], [[m|en|irrevocable]]; of a person, unwavering.^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # Set or fitted with something.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[figo|alt=fīgō]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ A fourth-declension noun fīxus, "the act of fixing", appears in the ''Itinerarium Alexandri''.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010) The adverb is fīxē.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}