compes Latin · revision 32414

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=la pēs}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''compēs''' ''f'' (genitive compedis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+ It is also spelled ''conpēs''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ Plautus has the accusative plural ''compedīs'' and the genitive plural ''compedium''.^(OLD 2012)

+ The Vulgate and Lactantius treat it as masculine.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from [[m|la|con-]] and a stem [[m|la|*pedis]], from [[m|la|pēs|t=foot]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL) De Vaan traces [[m|la|pēs]] to [[itc-pro|*pōd-|t=foot]] and [[ine-pro|*pōd-s|t=foot]].^(de Vaan 2008) Isidore and Priscian derived the word from the feet it holds, while Nonius claimed it was named from hindrance rather than from feet.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Plautus has it first, as in the ''Captivi'': “order thick fetters to be clapped on him”.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is a shackle for the feet, usually in the plural.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) It is used of anything that hinders movement, as of bronze fetters on the body in Varro, and of a river bound by an icy fetter.^(OLD 2012) Cicero uses it figuratively, calling the laurelled fasces fetters and speaking of souls held in the fetters of the body.^(OLD 2012) In Medieval Latin it also meant a prison.^(Niermeyer 1976) Church Latin glosses it shackle or foot fetter.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of fetters for slaves.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro of bronze fetters on the body.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of the fetters of the body.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A shackle for the feet, [[m|en|fetter]]; usually plural.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Stelten 1995)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Anything that hinders movement; figuratively, a bond, restraint.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A [[m|en|prison]].^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[compediō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[pes|alt=pēs]]

+ * [[pedica]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}