viritim Latin · revision 32403

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *wiH-ró-}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''virītim''' (not comparable)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from [[m|la|vir|t=man]] with the adverbial suffix [[m|la|-tim]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan lists it among the derivatives of [[m|la|vir]], which he traces to [[itc-pro|*wiro-]] and [[ine-pro|*wiH-ró-|t=man, young man, warrior]], comparing [[xum|uiro|t=company of men]], [[sa|वीर|tr=vīrá-|t=man, hero]] and [[lt|výras|t=man, husband]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Plautus,^(de Vaan 2008) who says in the ''Pseudolus'' that a disgraceful deed could have been shared out to the whole people man by man.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is said of what reaches each person singly, man by man, and of the share each receives: Festus quotes Cato on booty divided this way, and Lucretius speaks of the smaller amount of land given to each man in earlier times.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(OLD 2012) It also means as individuals rather than as a body, as in Varro on magistrates who have no power to summon individuals.^(OLD 2012) Lewis & Short note that it is used with distributive numerals, never with cardinals.^(Lewis & Short 1879) In Medieval Latin, taken as “manfully”, it meant vehemently or courageously.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of sharing out man by man.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato of booty divided among the men.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius of land per man.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adverb===

+ # Man by man, to each separately; per man.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Stelten 1995)^(Wiktionary)

+ # As individuals, [[m|en|individually]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' [[m|en|vehemently|alt=Vehemently]]; [[m|en|courageously]].^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[vir]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}