depugno Latin · revision 32400

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=234–149 BC, Cato|origins=la pūgnus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [deːˈpʊŋ.noː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [deˈpuɲ.ɲo]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''dēpugnō''' (present infinitive dēpugnāre, perfect active dēpugnāvī, supine dēpugnātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|dē-|pugnō|t2=to fight]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) De Vaan lists the verb and [[m|la|pūgna|t=fight]] among the words related to [[m|la|pūgnus|t=fist]], from [[itc-pro|*puk/g-n(o)-|t=fist]], and compares [[grc|πύξ|tr=púx|t=with the fist]] and [[grc|πυγμή|tr=pugmḗ|t=fist; boxing]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLL finds it from Ennius and Plautus on;^(TLL) the OLD's earliest example is in Cato's ''Origines'', of a man who went out to fight out of the ranks.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is to fight a contest out, in war or in a private quarrel, to do battle: Plautus has armies fighting with standards joined, and Caesar a battle in drawn-up line.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Plautus also says that he would rather fight anyone than hunger, and Pliny the Elder uses it of a river that does not fight against its banks.^(OLD 2012) It is the word for fighting in the arena, as a gladiator or with beasts, as in the Tabula Heracleensis, and Ulpian has it with an accusative, to fight and kill a beast.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato of fighting out of the ranks.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of battles and of fighting hunger.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * before 223 AD – Ulpian of killing a beast outside the arena.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To fight it out, [[m|en|do battle]], fight hard.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To struggle against conditions or forces.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To fight in the [[m|en|arena]], as a [[m|en|gladiator]] or with beasts.^(OLD 2012)

+ # With an accusative, to fight against and kill.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[dēpugnātiō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[pugno|alt=pūgnō]]

+ * [[pugna|alt=pūgna]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}