intorqueo Latin · revision 32399

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *torkʷ-eie-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɪnˈtɔr.kʷe.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [inˈtɔr.kʷe.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''intorqueō''' (present infinitive intorquēre, perfect active intorsī, supine intortum); second conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|in-|torqueō|t1=in, at|t2=to twist]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) De Vaan traces [[m|la|torqueō]] to [[itc-pro|*torkʷ-eie-|t=to twist]] and [[ine-pro|*torkʷ-eie-|t=to twist]], a causative verb, comparing [[hit|tar(k)u-|t=to dance]] and [[sa|तर्कु|tr=tarku-|t=spindle]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Plautus has it first, in the ''Cistellaria'', of a caterpillar that wraps itself, rolled up, in a vine leaf.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is to bend back or round, to turn or spin round: Lucretius has a storm wind twisting itself in the clouds.^(OLD 2012) It is to twist into a spiral, as Celsus' twisted papyrus and Tibullus' twisted whip, and to wrench or sprain, as an ankle in the ''Bellum Hispaniense''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Cicero uses it of a speaker who twisted his chin as he spoke, and figuratively of the law twisted by word and letter.^(OLD 2012) It is also to hurl a missile, as Virgil's spear, and Cicero has insults hurled between brothers.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of a caterpillar rolled in a leaf.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius of a whirling wind.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of a twisted chin and twisted law.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil of hurling a spear.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To bend back or round; to turn or spin round; to turn towards.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To [[m|en|twist]] into a spiral; to wind round.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To wrench, [[m|en|sprain]]; to [[m|en|contort]] the face or body; figuratively, to pervert.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To [[m|en|hurl]] a missile at; to hurl insults.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[intortio]]

+ * [[intortus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[contorqueō]]

+ * [[dētorqueō]]

+ * [[distorqueō]]

+ * [[extorqueō]]

+ * [[retorqueō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}