aratio Latin · revision 32397

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *h₂erh₃-}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''arātiō''' ''f'' (genitive arātiōnis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|arō|-tiō|t1=to plough]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan traces [[m|la|arō]] to [[itc-pro|*araje/o-]] and [[ine-pro|*h₂erh₃-ie/o-|t=to plough]], from the root [[ine-pro|*h₂erh₃-]], comparing [[grc|ἀρόω|tr=aróō|t=to plough]] and [[lt|árti|t=to plough]].^(de Vaan 2008) Varro derived the word from ploughing, [[m|la|arandō|alt=ab arandō]], and Isidore claimed that men tilled the earth with bronze before iron was found.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Plautus has it first, in the ''Truculentus'', of estates of arable land.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is the act of ploughing, as in Varro's second ploughing and Columella's and Pliny's repeated ploughings, and more generally farming: Cicero notes that farming is called fruitful.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) It is also an estate of arable land, especially one farmed out for a tithe.^(OLD 2012) In Medieval Latin it was ploughing done as a labour service.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of arable estates.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro of the second ploughing.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1st century AD – Columella of repeated ploughing.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 936–973 – charters use it in the Middle Ages.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|ploughing|alt=Ploughing]]; tillage, [[m|en|agriculture]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # An estate of [[m|en|arable]] land, especially one farmed out for a tithe.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' Ploughing service owed as a labour due.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[aratiuncula]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[aro|alt=arō]]

+ * [[arator|alt=arātor]]

+ * [[aratrum|alt=arātrum]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}