transversus Latin · revision 32392

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=la vertō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [trãːsˈwɛr.sʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [tranzˈvɛr.sus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''trānsversus''' (feminine trānsversa, neuter trānsversum, adverb trānsversē or trānsversim); first/second-declension participle^(Wiktionary)

+ It is also spelled ''trānsvorsus'' and ''trāversus''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|trāns-|versus|t1=across|t2=turned]], formed like [[m|la|adversus]];^(OLD 2012) [[m|la|versus]] is the participle of [[m|la|vertō|t=to turn]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) Synchronically it is the perfect passive participle of [[m|la|trānsvertō|t=to turn across]].^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Wiktionary traces it to [[itc-pro|*trānsworssos]], which also gave [[xum|trahuorfi|t=transversely, crosswise]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Plautus has it first: in the ''Aulularia'' a man is told not to move a finger's breadth from his place, and in the ''Persa'' to go to the forum by the cross alleys.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It describes what lies or moves across a line rather than along it: crossways placed in a vineyard, a pig carrying its head sideways in Columella, side streets that cut across the direct way.^(OLD 2012) The width of a finger laid across, digitus trānsversus, was a proverbial smallest measure.^(OLD 2012) Ennius already uses it figuratively of a mind turned off its proper course.^(OLD 2012) In law it describes collateral kinship, as in Gaius.^(OLD 2012) Adverbial phrases are common: ex trānsversō, from the side and so unexpectedly, and in trānsversum, crosswise.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of side streets and of a finger's breadth.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius of a mind led astray.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius uses the phrase ex trānsversō, from the side.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 140–180 AD – Gaius of collateral relatives.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Lying across, placed [[m|en|crosswise]], [[m|en|transverse]]; pointing sideways.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Of roads, running across the direct way.^(OLD 2012)

+ # digitus trānsversus, the width of a finger, a minimal distance.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(law)'' Of kinship, [[m|en|collateral]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # Moving across or sideways; figuratively, carried off one's proper course, thwarted.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ex trānsversō, from the side; unexpectedly. in trānsversum, crosswise.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[trānsversārius]]

+ * [[trānsversē]]

+ * [[trānsversum]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[trānsversim]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Döderlein distinguishes it from [[obliquus]]: transversum crosses a straight line at right angles, while obliquum meets it at unequal angles, slanting.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}