exsecror Latin · revision 32389

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=ine-pro *sh₂k-ro-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈɛks.sɛ.krɔr]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈɛks.se.kror]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''exsecror''' (present infinitive exsecrārī, perfect active exsecrātus sum); first conjugation, deponent^(Wiktionary)

+ It is also spelled ''execror'', and an active ''execrō'' occurs.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|ex-|sacrō|t2=to consecrate]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) [[m|la|sacrō]] is made from [[m|la|sacer|t=sacred]], which de Vaan traces to [[itc-pro|*sakro-|t=sacred]] and [[ine-pro|*sh₂k-ro-|t=sacred]]; he compares [[osc|sakruvit|t=has been sanctified]] and [[xum|sacru|t=holy, sacred]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's and Lewis & Short's earliest examples are in Cicero's speech against Piso: “they hate you, they wish you a plague, they curse you”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The first sense is to utter curses against someone.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) From cursing it passed to loathing and abhorring: Livy tells how the young men turned away from a man on his arrival and cursed him.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Church Latin keeps the sense of cursing and execrating.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of people cursing Piso.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy of execrating a commander.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1560s – English [[m|en|execrate]] is formed from its past participle.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To utter [[m|en|curse|alt=curses]] against, [[m|en|execrate]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Stelten 1995)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To [[m|en|detest]], abhor.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[exsecrātiō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[sacer]]

+ * [[obsecro|alt=obsecrō]]

+ * [[consecro|alt=cōnsecrō]]

+ * [[en|execrate]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Döderlein sets it beside [[abominor]] and [[detestor]]: exsecrārī is to curse a guilty person so as to cut him off from human society as devoted to the gods below, the opposite of blessing.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}