subruo Latin · revision 32376

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=96–55 BC, Lucretius|origins=la ruō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈsʊb.ru.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈsub.ru.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''subruō''' (present infinitive subruere, perfect active subruī, supine subrutum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ It is also spelled ''surruō''.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|sub-|ruō|t1=under|t2=to fall, cast down]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan separates [[m|la|ruō|t=to rush, fall]], from [[ine-pro|*h₃reu-e/o-|t=to run, hurry]], from [[m|la|ruō|t=to dig]], from [[ine-pro|*(H)reuH-e/o-]], and notes that their derivatives became mixed up in Latin.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's earliest examples are in Lucretius, of age hollowing out great caves underground, and Caesar, of attackers setting fire to the gates and undermining the wall.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is to weaken something by digging under it, to undermine, as of besiegers and of natural forces;^(OLD 2012) Vitruvius uses it of sand washed out by waves.^(OLD 2012) Horace uses it figuratively, of a man who undermined rival kings with gifts.^(OLD 2012) Church Latin glosses it to destroy or overthrow.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius of caves hollowed out by age.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar of undermining a town wall.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace of undermining rivals with bribes.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|undermine]], weaken at the base by digging; to dislodge from beneath.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Figuratively, to destroy insidiously, [[m|en|subvert]]; to overthrow.^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[subrutor]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}