protraho Latin · revision 32362

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=itc-pro *traχe/o-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈproː.tra.(ɦ)oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈprɔː.tra.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''prōtrahō''' (present infinitive prōtrahere, perfect active prōtrāxī, supine prōtractum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ Lucretius has the short perfect infinitive ''prōtrāxe'', and Silius Italicus ''prōtrāxtis''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|prō-|trahō|t1=forth|t2=to draw, drag]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan traces [[m|la|trahō]] to [[itc-pro|*traχe/o-]], whose closest cognates are Celtic: [[sga|tráig|t=ebb, beach]] and the preterite [[m|sga|tethraig|t=ran away, receded]], from a meaning to pull away.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Plautus has it first, in the ''Mercator'', of a threat to drag a woman by the hair into the street.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is to drag or draw something forward or out, and figuratively to draw a person into a condition, as Plautus has a man brought to poverty.^(OLD 2012) It is also to bring into the open or reveal, as Livy has a crime brought to light by an informer.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) Of time it is to draw out or prolong, as already in Accius, and to put off or defer, as Suetonius has soldiers' pay deferred.^(OLD 2012) Terentianus Maurus uses it of lengthening a vowel.^(OLD 2012) English [[m|en|protract]] came from its participle in the 1530s, and [[m|en|portray]] from the same verb through Old French.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of dragging someone out.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 170–c. 90 BC – Accius of drawing things out in time.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy of bringing a crime to light.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 75–c. 150 AD – Suetonius of deferring pay.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1530s – English [[m|en|protract]] is formed from it.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To drag or [[m|en|draw]] forward or out; to draw into a condition.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To bring to light, [[m|en|reveal]], expose; to betray.^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To draw out in time, [[m|en|prolong]]; to put off, defer; to lengthen a sound.^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To extend, increase.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[prōtractiō]]

+ * [[prōtractus]]

+ * [[prōtractē]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[abstrahō]]

+ * [[attrahō]]

+ * [[circumtrahō]]

+ * [[contrahō]]

+ * [[dētrahō]]

+ * [[distrahō]]

+ * [[extrahō]]

+ * [[intertrahō]]

+ * [[intrahō]]

+ * [[obtrahō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}