ungula Latin · revision 32353

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=inherited|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *h₃ngʰ-l-h₂-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈʊŋ.ɡʊ.ɫa]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈuŋ.ɡu.la]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''ungula''' ''f'' (genitive ungulae); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ De Vaan takes it as [[inh|itc-pro|*onglā-]], [[inh|ine-pro|*h₃ngʰ-l-h₂-|t=nail]], beside [[m|la|unguis|t=nail]] from the u-stem [[ine-pro|*h₃ngʰ-u-]].^(de Vaan 2008) He compares [[grc|ὄνυξ|tr=ónux|t=nail, claw, hoof]], [[lt|nagà|t=hoof]] and [[ang|nægel|t=nail]].^(de Vaan 2008) The OLD instead derives it from [[m|la|unguis]] with the diminutive suffix ⟨-ula⟩;^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) Wiktionary notes that it is not diminutive in sense and its gender does not match, so it may be an inherited formation.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan and Köbler date it from Plautus,^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010) who in the ''Aulularia'' has a cock beginning to scratch with its claws.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is a hoof, above all a horse's: Ennius has the horseman go and the hollow hoof shake the earth with its beat.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Cato uses a pig's trotter in cooking, and it was also used in medicine.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) It is also a bird's claw or talon.^(OLD 2012) Poets use it for a horse.^(Wiktionary) In Church Latin it is also an iron claw used for torture, and the name of an aromatic spice.^(Stelten 1995)^(Niermeyer 1976)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of a cock's claws.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius of the hoof of a horse.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato of a pig's trotter.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil of a hoof shaking the plain.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|hoof]]; a pig's trotter as food or medicine.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Stelten 1995)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A bird's [[m|en|claw]], [[m|en|talon]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Stelten 1995)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(poetic)'' A horse.^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(Ecclesiastical Latin)'' An iron claw, an instrument of torture.^(Stelten 1995)^(Niermeyer 1976)

+ # An aromatic spice.^(Stelten 1995)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[exungulo]]

+ * [[ungella]]

+ * [[ungulātus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[unguis]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}