criminatio Latin · revision 32349

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=86/82 BC, Rhetorica ad Herennium|origins=ine-pro *krei-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [kriː.mɪˈnaː.ti.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [kri.miˈnat.t͡si.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''crīminātiō''' ''f'' (genitive crīminātiōnis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|crīminor|-tiō|t1=to accuse]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) [[m|la|crīminor]] is made from [[m|la|crīmen|t=charge, accusation]], which de Vaan lists among the derivatives of [[m|la|cernō|t=to sift, decide]], from [[ine-pro|*krei-|t=to sift, separate]], with a noun [[ine-pro|*krei-mn]]; the OLD calls the origin doubtful but suggests the same root.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) Wiktionary compares [[grc|κρῖμα|tr=krîma|t=judgement]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The ''Rhetorica ad Herennium'' has it first.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is the making of accusations, a charge, and often a malicious one or calumny: Cicero complains of an opponent who uses slander against him in his absence, and asks another what his charge is, that Roscius had settled with Flavius.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) The TLL glosses it calumny, objection, malicious accusation, and the rhetorician Julius Rufinianus equates it with [[grc|διαβολή|tr=diabolḗ|t=slander]].^(TLL) It continues in the Bible, the councils and the formularies.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 86/82 BC – The ''Rhetorica ad Herennium'' uses it.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of slander and of a charge.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy uses it.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # An [[m|en|accusation]], charge, complaint.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # [[m|en|calumny|alt=Calumny]], slander, malicious accusation.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[incrīminātiō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}