aspiro Latin · revision 32336

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 180–102 BC, Lucilius|origins=la spīrō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [asˈpiː.roː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [asˈpiː.ro]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''aspīrō''' (present infinitive aspīrāre, perfect active aspīrāvī, supine aspīrātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ It is also spelled ''adspīrō''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|ad-|spīrō|t1=to, towards|t2=to breathe]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan reconstructs [[m|la|spīrō]] as [[itc-pro|*spīr/s-]] and thinks it may imitate the sound of breathing; it has no direct cognates.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Lucilius.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is to breathe, and of winds to blow on something, as in Catullus;^(OLD 2012) Virgil has Juno sending winds to blow for a traveller.^(OLD 2012) It is also to breathe a feeling into someone, and to exhale a scent.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) Figuratively it is to favour or assist, to come near, and to aspire to something, as when Virgil says a warrior does not aspire to the horses of Achilles.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) In grammar it is to pronounce with aspiration, and Quintilian notes that the Greeks aspirate ⟨f⟩.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) English [[m|en|aspire]] comes from it through Old French around 1400.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 180–102 BC – Lucilius uses it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of the lungs breathing out.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil of winds, scents and aspirations.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 35–95/96 AD – Quintilian of aspiration in speech.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1400 – English [[m|en|aspire]] is borrowed through Old French.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|breathe]]; of winds, to blow on; to make a wind blow.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To breathe into, instil; to exhale a scent; to scent.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To favour, assist; to inspire.^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To come near, approach.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To long for, [[m|en|aspire]] to.^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(grammar)'' To pronounce with aspiration, [[m|en|aspirate]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[aspīrāmen]]

+ * [[aspīrātiō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}