frustum Latin · revision 32334

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=inherited|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *bʰrus-to-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈfrʊs.tũː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈfrus.tum]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''frustum''' ''n'' (genitive frustī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*frusto-]], [[inh|ine-pro|*bʰrus-to-|t=broken]], from a root [[ine-pro|*bʰrus-|t=to break]] found otherwise in Celtic and Germanic.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan compares [[sga|bruïd|t=breaks, smashes]] and [[ang|brȳsan|t=to break, bruise]].^(de Vaan 2008) It has also been linked with [[lt|druskà|t=salt]] and [[lv|druska|t=crumb, scrap]] from [[ine-pro|*dʰrus-]], which de Vaan finds phonetically just as possible but less likely, since only the root [[ine-pro|*bʰrus-]] has verb forms beside it.^(de Vaan 2008) Isidore of Seville derived it from [[m|la|frūmen]].^(TLL)^(Isidore)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan and Köbler date it from Plautus.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010) Cato prescribes adding a piece of ham to a remedy.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is above all a piece or morsel of food: Cato, quoted by Gellius, says a man can be hired for a crust of bread to keep silent or to speak, and Cicero tells of the morsel that falls from a chicken's beak as it feeds.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(OLD 2012) In frusta secāre is to cut into pieces.^(OLD 2012) It is also a small piece of anything else, as Seneca's tiny fragments of costly marble.^(OLD 2012) In medieval texts it is an object or article, and a plot of land.^(Niermeyer 1976) English took it over in the 1650s as a term of mathematics, for the piece remaining after a part has been cut off.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato of a piece of ham and a crust of bread.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of the morsel dropped by a chicken.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 4 BC–65 AD – Seneca of fragments of marble.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1650s – English [[m|en|frustum]] is taken over in mathematics.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A piece or scrap of food, [[m|en|morsel]], [[m|en|crumb]];^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) ''in frusta'', into pieces.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A small piece, fragment of anything.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' An object, article; a plot of land.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[defrusto]]

+ * [[frustillum]]

+ * [[frustulentus]]

+ * [[frustulum]]

+ * [[frustillātim]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}