ὄπιον Ancient Greek · revision 3233

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=4th–3rd century BC, Diocles of Carystus|origins=ine-pro *sokʷo-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (5th-century BC Attic): /ó.pi.on/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (4th-century AD Koine): /ˈo.pi.on/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (10th-century Byzantine): /ˈo.pi.on/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''ὄπῐον''' (ópion) ''n'' (genitive ὀπῐ́ου); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is a diminutive of [[ὀπός|tr=opós|t=plant juice]], with the suffix [[m|grc|-ιον|tr=-ion]].^(LSJ 1940)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline) Ὀπός, with Ionic loss of the rough breathing, is from [[ine-pro|*sokʷo-|t=juice, resin]].^(Beekes 2010)^(Etymonline)

+

+ Ὀπός is cognate with [[cu|сокъ|tr=sokŭ|t=juice]] and [[lt|sakai|alt=sakaĩ|t=resin]].^(Beekes 2010)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The earliest example is a fragment of the physician Diocles of Carystus, for poppy juice.^(LSJ 1940)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Dioscorides, Pliny and Galen use it for opium, the juice of the poppy, as a drug, and a papyrus of the 1st century AD lists it among medicines.^(LSJ 1940)^(Etymonline) Latin borrowed it as [[m|la|opium]], and Middle Persian as ''apiyōn'', the source of the Persian and Arabic words.^(Wiktionary) English took ''opium'' from Latin in the late 14th century.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 4th–3rd century BC – Diocles of Carystus uses it for poppy juice.^(LSJ 1940)

+ * 1st century AD – Dioscorides and Pliny describe opium.^(LSJ 1940)

+ * 2nd century AD – Galen uses it as a drug.^(LSJ 1940)

+ * Late 14th century – English borrows ''opium'' from Latin.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # Poppy juice, [[m|en|opium]].^(LSJ 1940)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[ὀπός|tr=opós]]

+ * [[μήκων|tr=mḗkōn]]

+ * [[la|opium]]

+ * [[en|opium]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}