quadriga Latin · revision 32325

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=la quattuor, la iugum}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [kʷaˈdriː.ɡa]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [kʷaˈdriː.ɡa]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''quadrīga''' ''f'' (genitive quadrīgae); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|quadri-|iugum|t1=four|t2=yoke]], with the element ⟨-iga⟩ as in [[m|la|bīgae|t=two-horse chariot]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan lists it, dated from Plautus, among the words from the root of [[m|la|iungō|t=to yoke]], which goes back to [[ine-pro|*(H)iugo-|t=yoke]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Plautus has the plural quadrīgae in the ''Amphitruo'', of mounting Jupiter's four-horse chariot.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is a chariot with its team of four horses harnessed abreast, or the team itself; the plural is older, and the OLD's first singular is in Cicero.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Cicero tells of a dream of riding in a four-horse chariot.^(OLD 2012) Columella uses it of chariot horses kept for breeding, and Varro of a team of asses sold for 400,000 sesterces.^(OLD 2012) In medieval texts it is a measure of land, a carucate.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of Jupiter's chariot.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro of a costly team of asses.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses the singular.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|chariot]] with its team of four horses abreast.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Stelten 1995)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A team of four horses; chariot horses; a team of other animals.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A measure of land, a [[m|en|carucate]].^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[quadrīgālis]]

+ * [[quadrīgārius]]

+ * [[quadrīgātus]]

+ * [[quadrīgula]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}