tumor Latin · revision 32319

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=234–149 BC, Cato|origins=ine-pro *tum-eh₁-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈtʊ.mɔr]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈtuː.mor]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''tumor''' ''m'' (genitive tumōris); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+ The ''Rhetorica ad Herennium'' has the nominative ''tumōs''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|tumeō|-or|t1=to swell]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan traces [[m|la|tumeō]] to [[itc-pro|*tum-ē-]] and [[ine-pro|*tum-eh₁-|t=to be swelling]], comparing [[wlm|tyfu|t=to grow]] and [[sa|तुम्र|tr=túmra-|t=strong, thick]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Cato has it first, prescribing crushed cabbage for wounds and swellings.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is the state of being swollen, as of Pallas's cheeks puffed out by playing the pipe in Propertius, and in medicine a morbid swelling of a part of the body.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Ovid uses it of a rise in the ground, and the ''Hercules Oetaeus'' of the swell of the sea.^(OLD 2012) Figuratively it is an inflamed state of mind, anger or passion, a ferment of public affairs, as in Cicero's letters, and conceit or arrogance.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) In rhetoric it is bombast, inflated diction, which the ''Rhetorica ad Herennium'' warns against.^(OLD 2012) Church Latin keeps the senses of tumour, pride and bombast.^(Stelten 1995) English took it as [[m|en|tumor]] in the early 15th century, for a morbid swelling.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato of swellings treated with cabbage.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of a state of public ferment.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid of a rise in the ground.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * early 15th century – English [[m|en|tumor]] is borrowed from it.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A swollen state; a [[m|en|swelling]], [[m|en|tumour]]; a rounded rise in the ground.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # The swell of the sea or of a river in flood.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Figuratively, excitement, passion, anger; a ferment of affairs.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Conceit, [[m|en|arrogance]].^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(rhetoric)'' [[m|en|bombast|alt=Bombast]], inflated style.^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[tumōrōsus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[tumefaciō]]

+ * [[tumentia]]

+ * [[tumeō]]

+ * [[tumēscō]]

+ * [[tumidē]]

+ * [[tumiditās]]

+ * [[tumidō]]

+ * [[tumidōsus]]

+ * [[tumidulus]]

+ * [[tumidus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}