siquidem Latin · revision 32318

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=la sī, la quidem}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈsɪ.kʷɪ.dẽː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈsiː.kʷi.dem]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''siquidem''' (not comparable)^(Wiktionary)

+ It is also written separately, ''sī quidem''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ Plautus has the old spelling ''seiquidem''.^(OLD 2012)

+ The first syllable is often short in comedy and regularly in dactylic verse.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|sī|quidem|t1=if|t2=indeed]], written as one word.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's first examples are in Plautus, as in the ''Poenulus'': “if friendship is really to be had, it must be had with this man”.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates it from Cicero.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It begins as a strong conditional, if indeed, if it is really the case that, and as a concessive, even supposing, as Plautus' “even if you say you have held back highest Jupiter himself, you will never escape a beating”.^(OLD 2012) It adds a caveat or rider, at any rate if, and in dialogue qualifies another's remark: “good day, young man” – “yes, if I sell her at her price”.^(OLD 2012) From there it becomes causal, seeing that, since, as in Plautus' “it must be borne, since my wife holds command”, and explanatory, in that, for.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Church Latin glosses it if, indeed, for, because, since,^(Stelten 1995) and in Medieval Latin it is used like [[autem]], further.^(Niermeyer 1976)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus as a conditional and causal particle.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence of “if indeed”.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it.^(Köbler 2010)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Conjunction===

+ # If indeed, if it is really the case that; even supposing.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # At any rate if, always assuming that.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Seeing that, [[m|en|since]], inasmuch as.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Stelten 1995)^(Wiktionary)

+ # In that, for.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' Further, moreover, like [[autem]].^(Niermeyer 1976)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[si|alt=sī]]

+ * [[quidem]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}