stamen Latin · revision 32317

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=116–27 BC, Varro|origins=ine-pro *steh₂-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈstaː.mɛn]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈstaː.men]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''stāmen''' ''n'' (genitive stāminis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*stāmen]], [[inh|ine-pro|*stéh₂mn̥]], from [[m|ine-pro|*steh₂-|t=to stand]], the root of [[m|la|stō|t=to stand]] and [[m|la|sistō]].^(Wiktionary)^(OLD 2012)^(Etymonline) Cognate with [[grc|στήμων|tr=stḗmōn|t=warp]], [[sa|स्थामन्|tr=sthā́man|t=place; strength]] and [[got|𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌼𐌰|tr=stōma]].^(Wiktionary)^(OLD 2012) Varro explained the name from standing, because all the cloth on the loom stands on the warp.^(OLD 2012)^(Varro)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler and the OLD date it from Varro, who uses it of the warp of the upright loom.^(Köbler 2010)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is the vertical threads in a loom, the warp, as opposed to the [[subtemen]] or weft.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) It is also the thread drawn from the distaff in spinning, as Tibullus' long threads from a full distaff, and the thread of life spun by the Fates.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) In general it is a thread, a string of a musical instrument, or a filament in timber, and Pliny the Elder uses it of the stamen of a flower.^(OLD 2012) In Medieval Latin it can mean a loom, and is also a form of [[stannum]], tin.^(Niermeyer 1976) Modern botanical Latin took it up for the pollen-bearing organ in 1625, whence English [[m|en|stamen]] (1660s); English [[m|en|stamina]] (1670s) is its plural, first “rudiments”, and “endurance” only by 1726.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro of the warp of a loom.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 55–19/18 BC – Tibullus of the thread of spinning and of the Fates.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder of the stamen of a flower.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1625 – Used in Modern Latin for the pollen-bearing organ of a flower.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1660s – English [[m|en|stamen]] is borrowed from it.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # The [[m|en|warp]] of a loom.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # The thread drawn from the [[m|en|distaff]]; the thread of life spun by the Fates.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A thread; the string of a musical instrument; a filament.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # The [[m|en|stamen]] of a flower.^(OLD 2012)^(Etymonline)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A [[m|en|loom]].^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[stāmināria]]

+ * [[stāminātus]]

+ * [[stāmineus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[sto|alt=stō]]

+ * [[en|stamen]]

+ * [[en|stamina]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Varro defines it beside [[subtemen]], the weft, which goes under the warp.^(OLD 2012)^(Varro)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}