fistula Latin · revision 32313

+ {{infobox|confidence=unknown|attested=234–149 BC, Cato}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈfɪs.tʊ.ɫa]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈfis.tu.la]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''fistula''' ''f'' (genitive fistulae); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The origin is uncertain.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)^(TLL) De Vaan finds no certain etymology; the best comparison is with [[m|la|festūca|t=stalk, straw]] and perhaps [[m|la|ferula|t=giant fennel]], if from [[m|la|*fesula]], since a pipe and a stalk look alike, and the variation between ⟨fest-⟩ and ⟨fist-⟩ occurs within [[m|la|festūca]] itself.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) Lewis & Short derived it from [[m|la|findō|t=to split]], and Köbler mentions [[m|la|findō]] or [[m|la|fiscus]] as possibilities.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010) The TLL suggests that it may be named from the sound of the shepherd's pipe, comparing Slavic words for whistling.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Cato,^(de Vaan 2008) who uses it of an iron pipe, of a mortar for crushing wheat, and of an ulcer.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is a pipe or tube, especially a water pipe, usually of lead, as in Cicero and Frontinus.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) In medicine it is a tube for applying drugs, a catheter, and a narrow suppurating ulcer, a fistula, already in Cato.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) It is also a shepherd's pipe, the pan pipe, as in Lucretius, and in Cicero a whistle of disapproval in the theatre.^(OLD 2012) Pliny the Elder uses it of a metal punch, the hollow stalk of a plant and the rolled quill of cassia bark, and Mela of a natural pore or tube in the body.^(OLD 2012) Church Latin glosses it pipe, whistle, flute, reed.^(Stelten 1995) English [[m|en|fistula]] (late 14th century) is from it, and so, through Old French, is [[m|en|fester]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato of a pipe, a mortar and an ulcer.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius of a shepherd's pipe.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of a water pipe and of a whistle of disapproval.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 14–37 AD – Celsus of a medical tube.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * late 14th century – English [[m|en|fistula]] is borrowed from it.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|pipe]], tube; especially a water pipe.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(medicine)'' A tube for applying drugs, a [[m|en|catheter]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A metal punch.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A shepherd's pipe, the pan pipe; a whistle of disapproval.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Stelten 1995)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A mortar or hand mill for crushing grain.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A natural tube or pore; the hollow stalk of a plant; a reed pen; a quill of cassia bark.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(medicine)'' A narrow suppurating ulcer, a [[m|en|fistula]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[fistella]]

+ * [[fistulāris]]

+ * [[fistulārius]]

+ * [[fistulātus]]

+ * [[fistulōsus]]

+ * [[fistulātim]]

+ * [[fistulātor]]

+ * [[fistulātōrius]]

+ * [[fistulēscō]]

+ * [[fistulō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[festūca]]

+ * [[en|fistula]]

+ * [[en|fester]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}