auriga Latin · revision 32312

+ {{infobox|confidence=uncertain|formation=compound|attested=116–27 BC, Varro|origins=la ōs, ine-pro *h₂eǵ-e/o-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [au̯ˈriː.ɡa]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [au̯ˈriː.ɡa]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''aurīga''' ''m'' (genitive aurīgae); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+ It is also spelled ''ōrīga''.^(OLD 2012)

+ Festus records a form ''aureax''.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ Priscian treats it as of common gender.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is usually explained as a compound of [[m|la|aureae|t=reins]] and the root of [[m|la|agō|t=to drive]], “one who drives with the reins”.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Etymonline) De Vaan notes that ⟨aureae⟩, found once in Festus, would be a hypercorrect spelling of [[m|la|*ōreae|t=mouth-pieces]], from [[m|la|ōs|t=mouth]];^(de Vaan 2008) Dunkel reconstructs [[ine-pro|*ōs-ei-h₂g-|t=bit-driver]] for ⟨aureax⟩.^(de Vaan 2008) Ernout and Meillet reject this explanation on grounds of meaning, and de Vaan thinks that ⟨aurīga⟩ is the older compound.^(de Vaan 2008) He traces [[m|la|agō]] to [[ine-pro|*h₂eǵ-e/o-|t=to drive, lead]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan and Köbler date it from Varro,^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010) who uses it of the driver of a threshing sledge drawn by animals and of a groom.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is a charioteer or driver, especially in the races of the circus: Ulpian doubts that a charioteer left the use of horses may race them, and Tertullian says the charioteers were dressed in the colours of idolatry.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL) Cicero, in his ''Aratea'', uses it of the constellation Auriga, the Charioteer.^(OLD 2012)^(Etymonline) In poetry it is the steersman of a ship, as Varro of Atax makes Tiphys the pilot of the swift ship, and in Varro it is also a groom.^(OLD 2012) The Vulgate uses it of a chariot driver.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Church Latin glosses it charioteer.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro of a driver and a groom.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of the constellation.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * before 223 AD – Ulpian of a racing charioteer.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 160–220 AD – Tertullian of charioteers' colours.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|charioteer]], driver.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # The [[m|en|constellation]] Auriga, the Charioteer.^(OLD 2012)^(Etymonline)

+ # ''(poetic)'' The steersman of a ship, a [[m|en|pilot]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # A [[m|en|groom]], ostler.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[aurigalis]]

+ * [[aurigarius]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[quadrīga]]

+ * [[agō]]

+ * [[agitator|alt=agitātor]]

+ * [[en|Auriga]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}