fornax Latin · revision 32310

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=234–149 BC, Cato|origins=ine-pro *gʷʰr-no-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈfɔr.naːks]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈfɔr.naks]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''fornāx''' ''f'' (genitive fornācis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+ It is also spelled ''furnax''.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|fornus|-āx|t1=oven]].^(Wiktionary)^(de Vaan 2008) De Vaan traces [[m|la|fornus]], usually [[m|la|furnus]], to [[itc-pro|*χworno-]] and [[ine-pro|*gʷʰr-no-|t=heat; oven]].^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[sga|gorn|t=fire]] and [[sa|घृण|tr=ghṛṇá-|t=heat, glow]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) Nonius derived it from [[m|la|formus|t=warm]].^(TLL)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan and Köbler date it from Cato,^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010) who describes how to build a lime kiln.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is a furnace, oven or kiln: for heating baths, for smelting metal, as Lucretius' hot iron hissing when taken from the furnace, for burning lime, as in Cato, and for firing clay, as Pliny the Elder's clay chariot that grew in the kiln.^(OLD 2012) Cicero mentions creatures said to live in burning furnaces.^(OLD 2012) In poetry it is used of thunderclouds and volcanoes, as Lucretius' flames rolled in hollow furnaces within the clouds.^(OLD 2012) Ovid makes it a goddess of ovens, probably inferred from the festival of the [[Fornacalia]].^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008) Church Latin glosses it oven, furnace.^(Stelten 1995) English [[m|en|furnace]] (early 13th century) comes from it through Old French.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato of a lime kiln.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius of smelting furnaces and of thunderclouds.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of burning furnaces.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid of a goddess of ovens.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * early 13th century – English [[m|en|furnace]] comes from it through Old French.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|furnace]], [[m|en|oven]], [[m|en|kiln]], for baths, smelting, lime or pottery.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Stelten 1995)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(poetic)'' Of thunderclouds and volcanoes, a furnace of fire.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(mythology)'' A goddess of ovens.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[Fornācālis]]

+ * [[fornācārius]]

+ * [[fornācātor]]

+ * [[fornācula]]

+ * [[furnāceus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[furnus]]

+ * [[Fornacalia]]

+ * [[en|furnace]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}