enitor Latin · revision 32301

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=la nītor}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [eːˈniː.tɔr]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [eˈniː.tor]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''ēnītor''' (present infinitive ēnītī, perfect active ēnīsus sum or ēnīxus sum); third conjugation, deponent^(Wiktionary)

+ The perfect participle is usually ''ēnīxus'' in the sense “give birth” and ''ēnīsus'' in the other senses.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ Sallust uses ''ēnīsum est'' as an impersonal passive.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|ex-|nītor|t1=out|t2=to lean, strive]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan lists it among the derivatives of [[m|la|nītor]], which he reconstructs as [[itc-pro|*kniχw-et-]] and connects with [[m|la|cōnīveō|t=to be tightly closed]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Plautus has it first, in the ''Pseudolus'', of someone who soils his cloak while clambering to his feet.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is to force one's way out or up, to climb, and also to struggle over mountains, as Tacitus has troops crossing the Pyrenees and the Alps.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Terence uses it of taking pains for someone, and this sense of striving, often with ut or an infinitive, is common in prose.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) With a mother as subject it means to give birth: Varro writes of a pregnant woman who does not go far from her work and brings back the child she has borne there.^(OLD 2012) De Vaan glosses it “to struggle out, give birth”.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of struggling to one's feet.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence of striving on someone's behalf.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro of giving birth.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To force one's way upward, [[m|en|climb]]; to struggle out; to struggle over or across.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To take pains, [[m|en|strive]], exert oneself.^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Of mothers, to give birth to, bear.^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[ēnixim]]

+ * [[enīxiō]]

+ * [[ēnixus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}