permuto Latin · revision 32296

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=la mūtō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [pɛrˈmuː.toː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [perˈmuː.to]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''permūtō''' (present infinitive permūtāre, perfect active permūtāvī, supine permūtātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|per-|mūtō|t1=through, thoroughly|t2=to change]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan, who dates it from Plautus, treats [[m|la|mūtō]] under [[m|la|mūtuus|t=borrowed, mutual]]: both presuppose a noun [[itc-pro|*moito-|t=object of change]], from [[ine-pro|*h₂moi-to-]] or from the root [[ine-pro|*mith₂-|t=to exchange]] of [[m|la|mittō]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Plautus has it first, in the ''Captivi'': “you have exchanged names between you”.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Its core is exchange: to give one thing and take another, to sell for a price or buy, and in the passive, of coin, to be received as the equivalent of so many asses.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) In Cicero's business letters it is to remit money by a bill of exchange, or to raise money on one.^(OLD 2012) It is also to change something completely, as Cicero speaks of altering the whole state of the commonwealth, and to switch two things round, as he does with the order of words.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) The TLL finds it from Plautus, Cicero, Lucretius and Varro on, more often in Pliny the Elder, the Digest and above all Boethius.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of exchanging names.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of bills of exchange and of transposing words.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder of the denarius exchanged for sixteen asses.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * late 14th century – English [[m|en|permute]] is borrowed through Old French and directly.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|exchange]], swap; to give up in exchange; to sell; to receive in exchange.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(finance)'' To remit money by a [[m|en|bill of exchange]]; to obtain money on one.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To change completely, [[m|en|transform]].^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Stelten 1995)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To transpose, interchange; to reverse an order.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[permūtātiō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[commūtō]]

+ * [[dēmūtō]]

+ * [[ēmūtō]]

+ * [[immūtō]]

+ * [[mūtō]]

+ * [[submūtō]]

+ * [[trānsmūtō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}