impiger Latin · revision 32280

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=la piger}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈɪm.pɪ.ɡɛr]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈim.pi.d͡ʒer]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''impiger''' (feminine impigra, neuter impigrum, adverb impigrē); first/second-declension adjective (nominative masculine singular in -er)^(Wiktionary)

+ It is also spelled ''inpiger''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|in-|piger|t1=not|t2=sluggish]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan traces [[m|la|piger]] to [[itc-pro|*pig-ro-|t=inactive]] and finds no etymology for the root.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan and Köbler date it from Plautus.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010) Cicero uses it in the ''Verrines'' of a man who showed himself patient and active.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means not slothful: active, energetic, brisk or tireless, as Cicero's man active in writing letters.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Poets use it predicatively in an adverbial sense, as Virgil's “he eagerly drained the foaming bowl” and Horace's merchant who runs tirelessly to the farthest Indies.^(OLD 2012) Lucan applies it to the river Cephisus, and others to activities.^(OLD 2012) Church Latin glosses it diligent, industrious, quick.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of an active man.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil of eagerly draining a bowl.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace of a tireless merchant.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Not slothful, [[m|en|active]], [[m|en|energetic]], brisk, [[m|en|diligent]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Stelten 1995)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Predicatively, eagerly, tirelessly.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[impigritās]]

+ * [[impigritia]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[piger]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}