perpello Latin · revision 32269

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *pl-n(e)-h₂-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [pɛrˈpɛl.loː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [perˈpɛl.lo]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''perpellō''' (present infinitive perpellere, perfect active perpulī, supine perpulsum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|per-|pellō|t1=thoroughly|t2=to push, drive]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan traces [[m|la|pellō]] to [[itc-pro|*pelna-]] and the nasal present [[ine-pro|*pl-n(e)-h₂-|t=to approach]], with a shift from bringing near to pushing.^(de Vaan 2008) Festus glossed it with [[persuadeo|alt=persuāsit]] and [[impello|alt=impulit]].^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLL finds it from Plautus on,^(TLL) whose ''Bacchides'' has a character boast of driving the clever old man with clever tricks to believe him in everything.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means to prevail on or constrain someone to do something, usually with ''ut'', as Terence's “never stopped urging and begging until prevailing”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) The TLL finds it in Plautus, Terence, Nigidius and Sallust, but often only in Livy and Tacitus;^(TLL)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Lewis & Short note that Curtius always uses it with ''ut'' and that Tacitus has it with an infinitive.^(TLL)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Tacitus also uses it of enforcing a state of affairs, as earlier emperors had forced Roman knights into the arena by money or force.^(OLD 2012) Its literal sense, to push violently, is rare, in a fragment of Nigidius.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Church Latin glosses it urge, drive, compel, prevail on.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of driving an old man to believe a trick.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence of prevailing by persuasion.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 86–34 BC – Sallust of inducing someone with the hope of a bargain.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy, who uses it often.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 98–115 AD – Tacitus of enforcing a state of affairs.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To prevail on, [[m|en|constrain]], [[m|en|compel]] to do something.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To enforce a state of affairs.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To strike or push violently; to drive all the way.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[appellō]]

+ * [[aspellō]]

+ * [[compellō]]

+ * [[dēpellō]]

+ * [[dispellō]]

+ * [[expellō]]

+ * [[impellō]]

+ * [[interpellō]]

+ * [[pellō]]

+ * [[prōpellō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}