pertundo Latin · revision 32268

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=204–169 BC, Ennius|origins=ine-pro *(s)tu-n-d-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [pɛrˈtʊn.doː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [perˈtun.do]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''pertundō''' (present infinitive pertundere, perfect active pertudī, supine pertūsum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ The participle is ''pertūsus'', also ''pertussus'' and, in Aurelius Victor, ''pertunsus''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(TLL)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|per-|tundō|t1=through|t2=to beat, thrust]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan traces [[m|la|tundō]] to [[itc-pro|*(s)tund-(e/o-)|t=to thrust]] and the nasal present [[ine-pro|*(s)tu-n-d-|t=to thrust]].^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[sa|तुदति|tr=tudáti|t=thrusts]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Plautus,^(de Vaan 2008) but Lewis & Short cite lines of Ennius' ''Annals'' of a spear piercing a side.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means to bore a hole through or perforate: Cato tells the farmer to bore a vine with an auger and a cup through its bottom, Lucretius says that drops pierce rocks, and Juvenal tells the moth to eat through books.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Vitruvius uses it of drilling holes.^(OLD 2012) Plautus has it of a purse and, in a proverb, of pouring into a pierced jar, that is, labouring in vain.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Lewis & Short note that it is mostly ante-classical and absent from Cicero and Caesar.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Etymonline derives English [[m|en|pierce]] (c. 1300) from Old French ''percier'', probably from a Vulgar Latin verb made from its participle ''pertūsus''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius of a spear piercing a side.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato of boring a vine with an auger.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of a pierced purse and of a pierced jar.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius of drops piercing rocks.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1300 – English [[m|en|pierce]], probably from a Vulgar Latin verb made from its participle.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To bore a hole through, [[m|en|perforate]], pierce; to drill holes.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[pertusura]]

+ * [[transpertusus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[tundo|alt=tundō]]

+ * [[en|pierce]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}