querulus Latin · revision 32261

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=70–19 BC, Virgil|origins=la queror}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈkʷɛ.rʊ.ɫʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈkʷɛː.ru.lus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''querulus''' (feminine querula, neuter querulum, adverb querulē); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|queror|-ulus|t1=to complain]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan traces [[m|la|queror]] to [[itc-pro|*kwes-e/o-]];^(de Vaan 2008) Walde–Hofmann, Pokorny and the LIV derive it from [[ine-pro|*kʷes-|t=to hiss]], by way of sighing, which he finds possible but not compelling.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler dates it from Virgil,^(Köbler 2010) whose ''Georgics'' have the plaintive cicadas that will burst the thickets with song.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Of persons it means full of complaints, querulous or fretful, as Horace's old man, “difficult, querulous, a praiser of the past when he was a boy”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Propertius uses it of a complaining voice, and Ovid of circumstances full of complaint.^(OLD 2012) Of animals and things it is giving forth a plaintive or murmuring sound, as Virgil's cicadas.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) Lewis & Short note that it is mostly poetic and not in Cicero.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil of plaintive cicadas.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace of a querulous old man.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 57/46–12 BC – Propertius of a complaining voice.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Full of complaints, [[m|en|querulous]], fretful; of sounds and circumstances, complaining.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Of animals and things, uttering a soft, [[m|en|plaintive]] sound; murmuring, cooing, chirping.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[querulōsus]]

+ * [[querulē]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[queror]]

+ * [[querela|alt=querēla]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}