trudo Latin · revision 32251

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *treud-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈtruː.doː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈtruː.do]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''trūdō''' (present infinitive trūdere, perfect active trūsī, supine trūsum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*treude/o-]], [[inh|ine-pro|*treud-|t=to push, thrust]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) Cognate with [[cy|cythrudd|t=to vex]], [[lt|triū̃sas|t=work, effort, pains]], [[cu|трудъ|tr=trudŭ|t=labour, work]], [[got|𐌿𐍃𐌸𐍂𐌹𐌿𐍄𐌰𐌽|tr=usþriutan|t=to maltreat]] and [[non|þrjóta|t=to lack]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) De Vaan compares above all the Germanic verb, which points to a thematic verb with e-grade.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Plautus,^(de Vaan 2008) whose ''Captivi'' complains that it is violence to be dragged and pushed at once.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means to thrust, push or shove, and of a plant to push out shoots, as Virgil's root that is pushed out of dry wood.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) It is also to drive in a given direction, as Horace's hunter driving boars into the nets.^(OLD 2012) Figuratively it is to force someone into an action or situation: Cicero warns of the lower step of death or slavery into which the gods advise “we should not be thrust”.^(OLD 2012) In Terence one trick drives on another.^(OLD 2012) Church Latin glosses it push, thrust, press, shove.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of being pushed about.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence of one trick driving on another.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of being forced into a situation.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil of a root pushing out shoots.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace of boars driven into nets.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|thrust]], push, [[m|en|shove]]; of a plant, to push out shoots.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To drive in a given direction.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To force or drive into an action or situation.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # Of what follows in a sequence, to drive on.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[abstrūdō]]

+ * [[contrūdō]]

+ * [[dētrūdō]]

+ * [[extrūdō]]

+ * [[introtrudo]]

+ * [[obtrūdō]]

+ * [[prōtrūdō]]

+ * [[retrūdō]]

+ * [[trudis]]

+ * [[trūsō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}