ausculto Latin · revision 32250

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=compound|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *h₂eus-, ine-pro *ḱlew-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [au̯sˈkʊɫ.toː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [au̯sˈkul.to]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''auscultō''' (present infinitive auscultāre, perfect active auscultāvī, supine auscultātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ A Pompeian inscription has ''obscultat''.^(OLD 2012)

+ Charisius records a deponent ''auscultor''.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is probably [[inh|itc-pro|*auskoltā]], a compound whose first part is the old unrhotacized stem *aus- of [[m|la|auris|t=ear]].^(Wiktionary)^(de Vaan 2008)^(TLL) De Vaan traces [[m|la|auris]] to [[itc-pro|*aus(i)-]] and [[ine-pro|*h₂eus-|t=ear]].^(de Vaan 2008) The second part is often explained as a form meaning hearing, from [[ine-pro|*ḱlew-|t=to hear]], the root of [[m|la|clueō|t=to be called]];^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) Klingenschmitt reconstructs [[m|ine-pro|*h₂eus-ḱlut-eh₂-ie/o-]], with metathesis to ⟨-cult-⟩.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) Others take the second part from [[m|ine-pro|*ḱel-|t=to incline]].^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline) Cognate with the words for ear [[sga|áu]], [[grc|οὖς|tr=oûs]], [[lt|ausìs]] and [[got|𐌰𐌿𐍃𐍉|tr=auso]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Plautus,^(de Vaan 2008) whose ''Casina'' has someone told where to listen.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means to listen or listen to, and to give heed or obey: a character in Caecilius says he usually hears strangers when they give orders, but does not obey them.^(OLD 2012) It also means to listen secretly, overhear, as in Plautus' “I heard all that from the door”.^(OLD 2012) Döderlein distinguishes it from [[audio|alt=audiō]], mere hearing: it is to wish to hear, to hearken attentively.^(Döderlein 1874) Lewis & Short note that it is very frequent before the classical period, but rare in it.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Church Latin glosses it to listen.^(Stelten 1995) English [[m|en|auscultate]] (1832) is from its participle, and English [[m|en|scout]] may go back to it through Old French ''escouter''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of listening and overhearing.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 230/220–168 BC – Caecilius of obeying orders.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1832 – English [[m|en|auscultate]] is formed from its participle.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|listen]], listen to.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To give heed, [[m|en|obey]]; to believe what one has heard.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To listen secretly, [[m|en|overhear]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[auscultātiō]]

+ * [[auscultātor]]

+ * [[auscultatus]]

+ * [[subauscultō]]

+ * [[auscultābulum]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[audiō]]

+ * [[auris]]

+ * [[en|auscultate]]

+ * [[en|scout]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}