inviolatus Latin · revision 32241

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=la violō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɪn.wi.ɔˈɫaː.tʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [iɱ.vi.oˈlaː.tus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''inviolātus''' (feminine inviolāta, neuter inviolātum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|in-|violātus|t1=not|t2=injured, violated]], the participle of [[m|la|violō|t=to violate]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler dates it from Cicero,^(Köbler 2010) who speaks of keeping the body of every Roman citizen unharmed and pairs it with unwounded.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means undamaged or unharmed, as Varro's earth that produced crops of its own accord without being ploughed.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Of women it means not violated, as Livy's Cloelia sent back untouched; of temples, unprofaned, as Cicero's shrine that even the pirates had left sacred.^(OLD 2012) Of promises and friendships it is unbroken, and of envoys inviolable, as Caesar calls their name sacred and inviolable among all nations.^(OLD 2012) It also means morally unstained, as Cicero of a youth kept pure, and undisturbed, as Alcestis in the ''Culex'' free from all care.^(OLD 2012) Silius Italicus uses it of a happy life.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Glossaries explain it as uncorrupted and unstained.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of citizens unharmed, unprofaned temples and unbroken friendship.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar of inviolable envoys.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro of unploughed earth.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy of a girl sent back untouched.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Undamaged, unharmed; of persons, unhurt, [[m|en|uninjured]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Not sexually violated; of temples, unprofaned.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Of promises and friendships, unbroken, unimpaired.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # [[m|en|inviolable|alt=Inviolable]], [[m|en|sacrosanct]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Morally unstained, pure; undisturbed, serene.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[violo|alt=violō]]

+ * [[inviolabilis|alt=inviolābilis]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}