patens Latin · revision 32237

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=la pateō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈpa.tẽːs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈpaː.tens]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''patēns''' (genitive patentis, comparative patentior, superlative patentissimus); third-declension one-termination adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is the present participle of [[m|la|pateō|t=to be open]], used as an adjective.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler 2010) De Vaan calls [[m|la|pateō]] an inner-Italic formation, [[itc-pro|*patē-]], on the base of [[m|la|pandō|t=to spread out]].^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[osc|pat|t=is open]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler dates it from Cicero,^(Köbler 2010) who speaks of the Egyptians living on wide open plains.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Of gates it means standing open, as Virgil's open gates through which comrades are let in; of eyes and mouths wide open, of holes gaping.^(OLD 2012) Of spaces it is open, unconfined, and of routes clear, and also wide or spacious, as Ovid's broad lands.^(OLD 2012) It also means clearly visible or obvious, and figuratively manifest; exposed or bare, as Ovid's shoulder left uncovered.^(OLD 2012) Cicero uses it of things easily accessible, as to the gods all things should be open.^(OLD 2012) Church Latin glosses it open, wide, manifest, clear.^(Stelten 1995) In Medieval Latin ''litterae patentes'' are letters sent open rather than closed with a seal,^(Niermeyer 1976) the source of English [[m|en|patent]] (late 14th century, through Anglo-French ''lettre patent'').^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of open plains and of accessible things.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil of open gates.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * late 14th century – English [[m|en|patent]] comes from ''litterae patentes'', through Anglo-French.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Standing open; wide open, gaping.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Of spaces, open, unconfined; of routes, clear; wide, [[m|en|spacious]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Clearly visible, obvious; figuratively, [[m|en|manifest]]; exposed, bare.^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # Easily obtainable, readily [[m|en|accessible]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' In ''litterae patentes'', sent open, [[m|en|letters patent]].^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[pateo|alt=pateō]]

+ * [[en|patent]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}