arte Latin · revision 32235

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 235–200 BC, Naevius|origins=ine-pro *h₂r-tó-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈar.tɛ], [ˈar.teː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈar.te], [ˈar.te]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''artē''' (comparative artius, superlative artissimē, adjective artus)^(Wiktionary)

+ It is also spelled ''arctē'', a spelling Lewis & Short reject.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|artus|-ē|t1=tight, close]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan traces [[m|la|artus]] to [[itc-pro|*arto-]] and [[ine-pro|*h₂r-tó-|t=fitted]].^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[sa|ऋत|tr=ṛtá-|t=truthful; truth, agreement]] and [[ae|aṣ̌a-|t=truth]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Naevius,^(de Vaan 2008) in a line of his comedies: “too tightly, too tightly am I bound”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means tightly, closely or firmly, of binding, packing and holding: Cato of filling a pastry well and closely, and Plautus' “hold me tight, my darling”.^(OLD 2012) Lucretius uses it of the smallest parts packed closely together, and Livy figuratively of joining the Latin name more closely to Rome.^(OLD 2012) It also means in a narrow space, in war in close order, as Sallust's reserves drawn up more closely, and succinctly.^(OLD 2012) It is used of strict control, as Plautus' mother who keeps a young man on a tight rein, and of stinginess.^(OLD 2012) Of sleep it means soundly, as Plautus' “see how fast they sleep”, and of love, dearly, as Statius' young man most dear to him.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 235–200 BC – Naevius of tight binding.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato of close packing.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of close embraces, strict control and sound sleep.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 86–34 BC – Sallust of troops in close order.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 45–96 AD – Statius of dear affection.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adverb===

+ # Tightly, closely, firmly; figuratively, closely, of relationships.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # In a narrow space;^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) ''(military)'' in close order; [[m|en|succinctly]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Strictly, [[m|en|severely]]; stingily.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Of sleep, soundly, deeply; of love, dearly, fondly.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[artus]]

+ * [[arto|alt=artō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}