contorqueo Latin · revision 32229

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=204–169 BC, Ennius|origins=ine-pro *torkʷ-eie-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [kɔnˈtɔr.kʷe.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [konˈtɔr.kʷe.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''contorqueō''' (present infinitive contorquēre, perfect active contorsī, supine contortum); second conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ Priscian records a supine ''contorsum'' beside ''contortum''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(TLL)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|con-|torqueō|t2=to twist]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan traces [[m|la|torqueō]], a causative verb, to [[itc-pro|*torkʷ-eie-]] and [[ine-pro|*torkʷ-eie-|t=to twist]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Ennius,^(de Vaan 2008) whose ''Annals'' use it of turning horses with great force.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means to twist round or together, as in a line of Pacuvius of a cloak wound round the arm as a shield, and to make crooked, as Cicero's Ram with twisted horns.^(OLD 2012) Most often it is to whirl or swing, and to hurl a missile with a whirling motion, as Lucretius' spear thrown with great force.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Cicero uses it figuratively of speech hurled with vigour: Demosthenes' thunderbolts would not strike so hard if they were not whirled along by rhythm.^(OLD 2012) Seneca uses it of storms stirring up the sea, and Cicero of a judge to be turned now to sorrow, now to joy.^(OLD 2012) Church Latin glosses it twist, contort, turn.^(Stelten 1995) English [[m|en|contort]] (early 15th century, in medical use) is from its participle.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius of turning horses.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 220–130 BC – Pacuvius of a cloak twisted round the arm.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius of a hurled spear.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of twisted horns and of vigorous speech.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * early 15th century – English [[m|en|contort]] is formed from its participle.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To twist round or together; to make crooked, [[m|en|contort]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To whirl, swing; to [[m|en|brandish]]; to hurl a missile; figuratively, to utter with great vigour.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To stir up, make rough the sea.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To turn in another direction; figuratively, to [[m|en|sway]] someone's mind or feelings.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[contortiō]]

+ * [[contortor]]

+ * [[contortulus]]

+ * [[contortē]]

+ * [[contortuplicātus]]

+ * [[contortus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[attorqueō]]

+ * [[circumtorqueō]]

+ * [[dētorqueō]]

+ * [[distorqueō]]

+ * [[extorqueō]]

+ * [[intorqueō]]

+ * [[obtorqueō]]

+ * [[pertorqueō]]

+ * [[praetorqueō]]

+ * [[retorqueō]]

+ * [[torqueo|alt=torqueō]]

+ * [[en|contort]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}