luxuriosus Latin · revision 32221

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=234–149 BC, Cato|origins=ine-pro *lug-so-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɫuːk.sʊ.riˈoː.sʊs], [ɫʊk.sʊ.riˈoː.sʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [luk.su.riˈɔː.s̬us]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''lū̆xuriōsus''' (feminine lū̆xuriōsa, neuter lū̆xuriōsum, comparative lū̆xuriōsior); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|luxuria|-ōsus|t1=excess, luxury]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan derives [[m|la|luxuria]] from an adjective *luxuros, built on [[m|la|luxus|t=extravagance]], and traces that, if the etymology is right, to [[itc-pro|*lukso-]] and [[ine-pro|*lug-so-|t=bent]]: a bending, hence a lack of restraint.^(de Vaan 2008) Festus derived it from [[m|la|luxus]] directly.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan and Köbler date it from Cato,^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010) who tells the farmer that his housekeeper must not be too fond of luxury.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Of plants it means rank or luxuriant, as Cicero's luxuriant corn, and of land very fertile; of style, exuberant or extravagant.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Of people and their acts it is excessive or unbridled, as Livy's joy of the senators that was too unrestrained, and wanton, as Ovid's suitors.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Most often it means given to luxury and self-indulgence, and of things showing luxury.^(OLD 2012) Church Latin glosses it wanton, extravagant, wasteful,^(Stelten 1995) and in Medieval Latin it means lustful or licentious.^(Niermeyer 1976) English [[m|en|luxurious]] (c. 1300) first meant lascivious, through Old French.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato of a self-indulgent housekeeper.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of luxuriant crops.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy of unrestrained joy.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1300 – English [[m|en|luxurious]], “lascivious”, is formed from it through Old French.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Of plants, rank, [[m|en|luxuriant]]; of land, very fertile; of style, exuberant.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Going to excess, unbridled; [[m|en|wanton]], licentious.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Niermeyer 1976)

+ # Given to luxury, self-indulgent; of things, [[m|en|luxurious]].^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[lū̆xuriōsē]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[luxus]]

+ * [[en|luxurious]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}