transcendo Latin · revision 32218

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *skend-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [trãːˈskɛn.doː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [tran̠ʲˈʃɛn.do]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''trānscendō''' (present infinitive trānscendere, perfect active trānscendī, supine trānscēnsum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ It is also spelled ''transscendō''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|trāns-|scandō|t1=across|t2=to climb]], with the vowel weakened in the compound.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline) De Vaan traces [[m|la|scandō]] to [[itc-pro|*skand-e/o-|t=to ascend]] and an aorist [[ine-pro|*skend-|t=to jump up, ascend]].^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[sga|sceinnid|t=jumps]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Lewis & Short's first example is Plautus' ''Aulularia'', where a poor man fears passing over from the asses to the oxen.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means to climb or step over something in one's way, as Caesar's hurdles thrown down to cross the ditches, and to cross a river, as Velleius' Cimbri and Teutones crossing the Rhine; intransitively Caesar has soldiers trying to cross into the enemy's ships.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Lewis & Short note that it is frequent and classical in the literal senses.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Figuratively it is to overstep rules, as Lucretius' greed and blind ambition driving men beyond the bounds of right, and to surpass or exceed.^(OLD 2012) Livy uses it of passing over consuls in the annals, and the land surveyors of making a transition in an argument.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it to transcend.^(Stelten 1995) English ''transcend'' (mid-14th century) came through Old French and directly from Latin.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of passing over to a higher class.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius of overstepping the bounds of right.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar of crossing ditches.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy of skipping names in the annals.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * mid-14th century – Borrowed into English as [[m|en|transcend]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To climb or step over; to cross a river.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Intransitively, to go over or across.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To overstep, [[m|en|transgress]]; to surpass, [[m|en|exceed]], [[m|en|transcend]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Stelten 1995)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To pass over, skip.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To pass on to another stage; to change ground in an argument.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[transcendentia]]

+ * [[trānscēnsus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[scando|alt=scandō]]

+ * [[ascendo|alt=ascendō]]

+ * [[en|transcend]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}