retardo Latin · revision 32216

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=la tardus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [rɛˈtar.doː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [reˈtar.do]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''retardō''' (present infinitive retardāre, perfect active retardāvī, supine retardātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|re-|tardō|t1=back|t2=to delay]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) [[m|la|tardō]] is from [[m|la|tardus|t=slow]], for which de Vaan finds no etymology, rejecting Walde and Hofmann's comparison with Greek and Sanskrit words for weak and young.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Lewis & Short call it a favourite word of Cicero,^(Lewis & Short 1879) who writes in a letter that he thinks Ocella and the others have been held up.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means to hinder the progress of a person, delay or hold up, and also to slow movements or processes, as Cicero's planets whose motions sometimes speed up and sometimes slow down, and his threat to check Vatinius' chatter with a few questions.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Of circumstances it is to make someone hesitate, inhibit or deter, as the rumours spread to discourage witnesses in the ''Verrines''.^(OLD 2012) Intransitively it means to slow down or lag behind.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Church Latin glosses it to check, stop, hold back, retard.^(Stelten 1995) English ''retard'' (late 15th century) came through French and directly from Latin.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of travellers held up and planets slowing.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * late 15th century – Borrowed into English as [[m|en|retard]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To hinder the progress of, delay, hold up; to slow down.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To make hesitate, inhibit, [[m|en|deter]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # Intransitively, to slow down, lag behind.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[retardātiō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[tardo|alt=tardō]]

+ * [[tardus]]

+ * [[en|retard]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}