expavesco Latin · revision 32207

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=65–8 BC, Horace|origins=ine-pro *pou-eh₁-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɛk.spaˈweːs.koː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ek.spaˈvɛs.ko]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''expavēscō''' (present infinitive expavēscere, perfect active expāvī); third conjugation, no supine stem^(Wiktionary)

+ It is also spelled ''expavisco'', and Priscillian has ''exspavesco''.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|ex-|pavēscō|t2=to become frightened]], an inchoative verb.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan derives [[m|la|paveō|t=to be afraid]] from [[itc-pro|*paw-ē-|t=to be frightened]] and [[ine-pro|*pou-eh₁-|t=to fear]], preferring Schrijver's link with Celtic nouns for fear to the older view that it was the stative of [[m|la|paviō|t=to strike]].^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[sga|omun|t=fear]] and [[sga|úath|t=fear]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Lewis & Short think it perhaps not used before Augustus.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Its first example in the OLD is Horace's Cleopatra, who did not take fright at the sword like a woman.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Intransitively it means to become frightened or begin to be afraid, as Celsus writes that a sudden fright can help in a certain illness;^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Pliny the Elder has it of people suddenly terrified.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) With an accusative it is to take fright at, as Horace's sword and the axe brought to someone's neck.^(OLD 2012) Church Latin glosses it to tremble, be terrified.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace of Cleopatra not fearing the sword.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 14–37 AD – Celsus of a sudden fright as a remedy.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder of sudden terror.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To become frightened, be greatly [[m|en|terrified]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Stelten 1995)^(Wiktionary)

+ # With an accusative, to take fright at, [[m|en|dread]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[expaveō]]

+ * [[paveō]]

+ * [[pavēscō]]

+ * [[pavor]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}