fervens Latin · revision 32206

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *bʰeru-e/o-}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''fervēns''' (genitive ferventis, comparative ferventior, superlative ferventissimus); third-declension one-termination adjective^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is the present participle of [[m|la|ferveō|t=to boil, be hot]], used as an adjective.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010) De Vaan traces the verb to [[itc-pro|*ferwe/o-]] and [[ine-pro|*bʰeru-e/o-|t=to be hot, boil]].^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[sga|berbaid|t=boils]] and [[cy|berw|t=to boil]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's first example is in Plautus' ''Captivi'', of dishes kept warm on glowing braziers.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates it from Cicero.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means intensely hot or boiling, and of metal red-hot; of land and seasons it is torrid, as Seneca's man enduring the blazing sun in the hottest dust.^(OLD 2012) Of blood and wounds it means hot or fresh, as Ovid's sword drawn from the hot wound, and of the body inflamed or flushed, as Plautus' threat to make a man hot with whipping;^(OLD 2012) Martial uses it of a burning fever.^(OLD 2012) It also means producing a burning effect, as Persius' lust steeped in burning poison, and of waters seething, as Ovid's foaming torrent.^(OLD 2012) Of the mind it means ardent or fervid: Cicero writes that a brave spirit is usually more fiery.^(OLD 2012) Church Latin glosses it hot, fervent, and ''fervente die'' is in the heat of the day.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of hot braziers and of a man hot from whipping.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of a fiery spirit.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid of a hot wound and a foaming torrent.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 40–102/103 AD – Martial of a burning fever.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Intensely hot, [[m|en|boiling]]; of metal, red-hot; of land, torrid.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # Of blood or wounds, hot, fresh.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Of the body, inflamed, flushed; of a fever, burning.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Producing a burning effect.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Of water, [[m|en|seething]]; of minds, in turmoil.^(OLD 2012)

+ # [[m|en|ardent|alt=Ardent]], [[m|en|fervent]], fervid.^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[ferveo|alt=ferveō]]

+ * [[fervor]]

+ * [[fervidus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}