exonero Latin · revision 32197

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *h₃en-os}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɛkˈsɔ.nɛ.roː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [eɡˈzɔː.ne.ro]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''exonerō''' (present infinitive exonerāre, perfect active exonerāvī, supine exonerātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ Manuscripts often spell it ''exhonero'' and confuse it with [[exhonoro|alt=exhonōrō]].^(TLL)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|ex-|onerō|t1=out, off|t2=to load]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) [[m|la|onerō]] is from [[m|la|onus|t=load]], which de Vaan traces to [[itc-pro|*ones-]] and [[ine-pro|*h₃en-os|t=load]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's first example is Plautus' ''Stichus'': “are we unloading the ship today, brother?”^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Lewis & Short note that it is not frequent before Augustus and not found at all in Cicero or Caesar.^(Lewis & Short 1879) It means to discharge the contents of, unload, and of the body to relieve it by excretion, as in Celsus and Pliny the Elder.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) It also means to relieve of a burden, as Livy's kingdom relieved of an overgrown population, to unburden one's conscience, and to get rid of a burden or discharge an obligation or expense.^(OLD 2012) Church Latin glosses it to free from a burden, unload, relieve.^(Stelten 1995) English ''exonerate'' (1520s) first meant to unload; in the 1570s it came to mean to clear of blame.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of unloading a ship.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy of relieving a kingdom of its crowd.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 14–37 AD – Celsus of relieving the body.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1520s – English [[m|en|exonerate]], to unload.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|unload]], discharge; to relieve the body.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To relieve of a burden, unburden, [[m|en|exonerate]].^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To get rid of a burden; to discharge an obligation or expense.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[exonerātiō]]

+ * [[exonerātor]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[onero|alt=onerō]]

+ * [[onus]]

+ * [[en|exonerate]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}