σάββατον Ancient Greek · revision 3219

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=3rd century BC, Septuagint|origins=hbo שַׁבָּת}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (4th-century AD Koine): /ˈsaβ.βa.ton/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (10th-century Byzantine): /ˈsav.va.ton/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''σάββατον''' (sábbaton) ''n'' (genitive σαββάτου); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is a Semitic loanword, [[bor|hbo|שַׁבָּת|tr=šabbāṯ|t=Sabbath]], or from [[arc|שַׁבְּתָא|tr=šabbəṯā]].^(Wiktionary)^(CGL 2021)^(Lust 2003) The Septuagint's plural may render the Aramaic form.^(Lust 2003)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The Septuagint uses it for the Sabbath from Exodus on, in the commandment to keep the Sabbath day holy.^(Lust 2003)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The Greek translators made a whole family of words from it: ''σάββατα σαββάτων'' “a sabbath of sabbaths”, and the verb ''σαββατίζω'' “to keep the Sabbath”.^(Lust 2003) Plutarch and Josephus use it of Jewish practice.^(BDAG 2000) In the New Testament it is the Sabbath, the seventh day of rest, and, singular or plural, the week that ends with it: ''μία τῶν σαββάτων'' “the first day of the week”.^(BDAG 2000)^(CGL 2021)

+

+ In medieval Greek it became the name of Saturday, with forms such as ''Σαμβάτο''.^(Kriaras) Modern Greek Σάββατο is Saturday.^(Kriaras)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 3rd–1st century BC – The Septuagint uses it for the Sabbath.^(Lust 2003)

+ * 1st century AD – Josephus and the New Testament use it for the Sabbath and the week.^(BDAG 2000)

+ * 1st–2nd century AD – Plutarch uses it of Jewish custom.^(BDAG 2000)

+ * 12th–17th century – Vernacular Greek uses it for Saturday.^(Kriaras)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''(Judaism)'' The [[m|en|Sabbath]], the seventh day of the week, a day of rest.^(CGL 2021)^(BDAG 2000)

+ # ''(often plural)'' The [[m|en|week]].^(CGL 2021)^(BDAG 2000)

+ # ''(Byzantine)'' Saturday.^(Kriaras)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[σαββάτωσις|tr=sabbátōsis]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[en|Sabbath]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}