maculo Latin · revision 32183

+ {{infobox|confidence=uncertain|formation=derivation|attested=96–55 BC, Lucretius|origins=ine-pro *smh₁-tlo-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈma.kʊ.ɫoː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈmaː.ku.lo]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''maculō''' (present infinitive maculāre, perfect active maculāvī, supine maculātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|macula|-ō|t1=spot, stain]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan derives [[m|la|macula]] from [[itc-pro|*smatlo-]], perhaps from [[ine-pro|*smh₁-tlo-|t=wiping]], comparing [[grc|σμάω|tr=smáō|t=to wipe clean]]; he finds a stain as a smearing semantically possible but not compelling.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates [[m|la|macula]] from Plautus;^(de Vaan 2008) the verb's earliest examples in the OLD are Lucretius, of fear of punishment tainting the prizes of life, and a fragment of an unknown comedy, “why do you stain your reputation?”^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means to cover with stains, soil or pollute, as Horace's nightclothes stained by a dream, and to mark with coloured patches, as Valerius Flaccus' webs spotted with purple dye.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Lewis & Short note that the sense to stain or dye is only poetic.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Figuratively it means to disgrace or dishonour, and to spoil or taint.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) Church Latin glosses it to spot, and also to accuse or blame.^(Stelten 1995) English ''maculate'' (late 15th century) comes from its participle.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius of fear tainting life's prizes.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace of stained clothes.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * late 15th century – English [[m|en|maculate]] comes from its participle.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To stain, soil, [[m|en|pollute]], [[m|en|defile]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To mark with spots, [[m|en|variegate]]; to dye.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To [[m|en|disgrace]], dishonour; to spoil, taint.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(Ecclesiastical Latin)'' To accuse, blame.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[commaculō]]

+ * [[ēmaculō]]

+ * [[immaculo]]

+ * [[maculatim]]

+ * [[maculātiō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[immaculātus]]

+ * [[macula]]

+ * [[maculōsus]]

+ * [[en|maculate]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}