subiectus Latin · revision 32181

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=ine-pro *(H)ih₁-k-}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''subiectus''' (feminine subiecta, neuter subiectum, comparative subiectior); first/second-declension adjective^(OLD 2012)

+ Seneca scans it as four syllables, ''sŭbĭect-''.^(OLD 2012)

+ It is also spelled ''subjectus''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is the participle of [[m|la|subiciō|t=to throw under, place under]], used as an adjective.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) That verb is [[m|la|sub-|t=under]] with [[m|la|iaciō|t=to throw]], which de Vaan traces to [[itc-pro|*jak-i-|t=to throw]] and a present [[ine-pro|*(H)ih₁-k-|t=to throw, let go]].^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[grc|ἵημι|tr=híēmi|t=to send, throw]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler dates it from Cicero,^(Köbler 2010) who in a letter to his brother writes of a heated room placed beneath the bedrooms.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means lying under or lower, and also close at hand or adjacent, as a country bordering a kingdom in the ''Bellum Alexandrinum''.^(OLD 2012) Cicero uses it of things within the reach of the senses and of a sea exposed to the winds; later it is liable to a tax.^(OLD 2012) Apuleius has ''subiecta materia'', matter subject to shaping, a translation of Aristotle's term for matter.^(OLD 2012) It also means subordinate or subject to a person or state, as Livy's “let us be as subject as the Thessalians and Aetolians”;^(OLD 2012) Columella uses the masculine as a noun for subordinates, and Ovid of a submissive bearing.^(OLD 2012) In rhetoric it is placed under a heading.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ In medieval Latin it means submissive, obedient or subjugated, and as a noun a subject, dependant or assistant.^(Niermeyer 1976) English ''subject'' (early 14th century, via Old French) comes from the noun use of the Latin participle.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of a room lying beneath and of things open to the senses.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy of peoples subject to a power.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1st century AD – Columella of a bailiff's subordinates.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 125–175 AD – Apuleius of matter subject to shaping.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * early 14th century – English borrows [[m|en|subject]] through Old French.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Lying under, [[m|en|subjacent]]; adjacent.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # Within the reach of the senses.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Exposed to an influence; liable to a tax.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Subject to an operation or treatment;^(OLD 2012) ''subiecta materia'', matter.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Subordinate, [[m|en|subject]] to a person or state; [[m|en|submissive]].^(OLD 2012)^(Niermeyer 1976)

+ # Placed under a category or heading.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # A subordinate, dependant; in the plural, [[m|en|subjects]] of a ruler.^(OLD 2012)^(Niermeyer 1976)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' An assistant, inferior.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[subicio|alt=subiciō]]

+ * [[subiectio|alt=subiectiō]]

+ * [[en|subject]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ A rare fourth-declension noun ''subiectus'', ''-ūs'', the application or placing of something underneath, occurs in Pliny the Elder.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010) Medieval Latin also has a fourth-declension noun meaning a subject or theme.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}