defessus Latin · revision 32179

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=itc-pro *fati-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [deːˈfɛs.sʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [deˈfɛs.sus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''dēfessus''' (feminine dēfessa, neuter dēfessum, comparative defessior, superlative defessissimus); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is the perfect participle [[der|la|dēfetīscor|t=to grow weary]], used as an adjective.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) De Vaan thinks the participle is the older form: from [[m|itc-pro|*dē-fat-to-]] the vowel was regularly reduced, and the simple [[m|la|fessus|t=tired]] was later detached from it.^(de Vaan 2008) He bases the whole family on a noun [[itc-pro|*fati-|t=exhaustion]], kept in [[m|la|affatim|t=to satiety]], and finds no convincing PIE root.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Plautus' ''Epidicus'' has “how tired we are of searching”.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates it from Cicero.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Lewis & Short note that the finite verb is rare and early, but the participle classical and frequent.^(Lewis & Short 1879) It means worn out in body or mind, and with an infinitive tired of doing something.^(OLD 2012) Cicero applies it to a senate grown slack and weary, and Virgil to the men who abandoned Aeneas, exhausted.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of being tired of searching.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of a weary senate.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil of exhausted companions.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Worn out, [[m|en|exhausted]], [[m|en|weary]]; with an infinitive, tired of.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Disheartened.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[defetiscor|alt=dēfetīscor]]

+ * [[fessus]]

+ * [[fatigo|alt=fatīgō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}