consummo Latin · revision 32164

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 84–c. 25 BC, Vitruvius|origins=ine-pro *(h₁)up-m(H)o-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [kõːˈsʊm.moː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [konˈsum.mo]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''cōnsummō''' (present infinitive cōnsummāre, perfect active cōnsummāvī, supine cōnsummātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ Manuscripts often spell it ''consumo'' and confuse it with [[consumo|alt=cōnsūmō]].^(TLL)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|con-|summa|-ō|t2=sum, total]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) [[m|la|summa]] is from [[m|la|summus|t=highest]], which de Vaan traces to [[itc-pro|*sup(a)mo-|t=highest]] and [[ine-pro|*(h₁)up-m(H)o-|t=highest]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Etymonline) Cognate with [[xum|somo|t=upper]] and [[grc|ὕπατος|tr=húpatos|t=highest]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Lewis & Short note that it is not used before Augustus and is most frequent in Quintilian.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Vitruvius uses it of reckoning up the cost of buildings by arithmetic.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means to add up, to make up by addition, as Ovid's day added to complete a lustrum, and of numbers to amount to a total, as in Columella.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) In inscriptions the participle means loaded with honours.^(OLD 2012) From summing up it came to mean to bring to an end or finish, as Seneca the Elder's ending one's life, and to make complete, as Seneca's benefit that has not yet completed its duty; in the passive it is to reach maturity, and of soldiers to complete one's service.^(OLD 2012) It also means to accomplish, as in Livy, and to perfect or crown, as the glory of a war.^(OLD 2012) Döderlein groups it with [[absolvo|alt=absolvō]] and [[perficio|alt=perficiō]] as verbs of completing, as against [[finio|alt=fīniō]] and [[termino|alt=terminō]], which merely end.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it to finish, end, complete, consummate, perfect.^(Stelten 1995) English ''consummate'' (about 1500) comes from its participle ''consummatus''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 84–c. 25 BC – Vitruvius of adding up costs.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid of a day completing a lustrum.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy of accomplishing a task.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 35–95/96 AD – Quintilian uses it most often.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1500 – English [[m|en|consummate]] comes from its participle.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To add up, reckon up; to make up by addition; of numbers, to amount to.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To bring to an end, finish.^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To make complete; in the passive, to reach maturity; of soldiers, to serve out one's time.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To bring about, [[m|en|accomplish]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To [[m|en|perfect]]; to crown an achievement.^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[consummābilis]]

+ * [[cōnsummātiō]]

+ * [[cōnsummātor]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[summa]]

+ * [[summus]]

+ * [[en|consummate]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}