illustro Latin · revision 32163

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=96–55 BC, Lucretius|origins=ine-pro *leuk-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɪlˈluːs.troː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ilˈlus.tro]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''illūstrō''' (present infinitive illūstrāre, perfect active illūstrāvī, supine illūstrātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ It is also spelled ''inlūstrō''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|in-|lūstrō|t2=to illuminate]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) Lewis & Short derive it from the adjective [[m|la|illūstris|t=bright, famous]].^(Lewis & Short 1879) De Vaan lists both words among the derivatives of [[m|la|lūx|t=light]], which goes back to [[itc-pro|*louk-|t=light]] and [[ine-pro|*leuk-|t=light]].^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[grc|λευκός|tr=leukós|t=clear, white]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Lucretius.^(de Vaan 2008) Cicero has it of the temple of Jupiter that should have shone with an object's brilliance.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Lewis & Short note that it is especially frequent in the figurative senses.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Literally it is to shine upon or light up, as Horace's sun lighting the habitable shores.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Figuratively it is to throw light on, make clear, as Cicero says Catiline's departure has exposed and revealed everything, and to give glory or lustre, as men raised by fortune or their own labour, or to adorn, as the Capitol with its three temples.^(OLD 2012) Apuleius uses it of being enlightened by initiation in the rites of Osiris.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it to enlighten, adorn, illuminate, glorify, illustrate and explain.^(Stelten 1995) English ''illustrate'' (1520s, light up) is a back-formation from ''illustration'' and partly from the Latin participle.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius uses it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of a shining temple and of revealing a plot.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace of the sun lighting the shores.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 125–175 AD – Apuleius of initiation in the rites of Osiris.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1520s – English [[m|en|illustrate]], to light up.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To shine upon, light up, [[m|en|illuminate]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To throw light on, make clear, [[m|en|elucidate]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To give glory or lustre to, make famous; to [[m|en|embellish]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To [[m|en|enlighten]].^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # To extend one's course into.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[illustrāmentum]]

+ * [[illūstratiō]]

+ * [[illūstrātor]]

+ * [[illustratus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[illūstrē]]

+ * [[illūstris]]

+ * [[lux|alt=lūx]]

+ * [[en|illustrate]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}