impendium Latin · revision 32159

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *(s)pend-e/o-}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''impendium''' ''n'' (genitive impendiī or impendī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+ It is also spelled ''inpendium''.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)

+ Some inscriptions treat it as a feminine.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|impendō|-ium|t1=to pay out, spend]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) The TLL compares [[m|la|compendium|t=saving]] and [[m|la|dispendium|t=loss]].^(TLL) The verb is [[m|la|in-]] with [[m|la|pendō|t=to weigh, pay]], which de Vaan traces to [[itc-pro|*pend-e/o-|t=to hang, weigh]] and [[ine-pro|*(s)pend-e/o-|t=to spin]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler dates it from Plautus.^(Köbler 2010) Varro explains it as the interest that joins sums together, as against the capital.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is money laid out, expense or payment, most often in the plural, and Lewis & Short compare ''[[sumptus]]'' and ''[[impensa]]''.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Cicero speaks of a man who made a profit without expense, and Varro uses it of interest on a loan.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(OLD 2012) Figuratively it is cost or sacrifice, as Curtius writes that a huge victory cost so little.^(OLD 2012) Church Latin glosses it charge, expense.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses the noun.^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro of interest on a loan.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of profit without expense.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1st century AD – Curtius of the cost of a victory.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|expense|alt=Expense]], [[m|en|expenditure]], payment; interest on a loan.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Stelten 1995)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Figuratively, cost, outlay.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[impendia]]

+ * [[impendiō]]

+ * [[impendiōsus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[impendo|alt=impendō]]

+ * [[impensa]]

+ * [[compendium]]

+ * [[dispendium]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}