temperans Latin · revision 32156

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=190–159 BC, Terence|origins=ine-pro *temp-os}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈtɛm.pɛ.rãːs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈtɛm.pe.rans]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''temperāns''' (genitive temperantis, comparative temperantior, superlative temperantissimus); third-declension one-termination adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is the present participle of [[m|la|temperō|t=to moderate, restrain]], used as an adjective.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan derives the verb from [[m|la|tempus|t=time]], which goes back to [[itc-pro|*tempos-|t=stretch, measure]] and [[ine-pro|*temp-os|t=stretch]]; the sense to restrain shows the shift from stretching to measuring.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler dates it from Terence,^(Köbler 2010) who has ''famae temperans'', careful of one's reputation.^(Lewis 1890)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means observing moderation, restrained or self-controlled.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis 1890) Cicero calls a man moderate in every part of life and most temperate, and Livy has leading men more restrained in their desire for power.^(Lewis 1890)^(Georges 1913) Döderlein contrasts moderation that springs from reflection, as reason conquers the passions, with temperance, which pervades the whole person.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence of being careful of one's reputation.^(Lewis 1890)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of a temperate man.^(Lewis 1890)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy of restraint in the desire for power.^(Lewis 1890)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Observing moderation, restrained, [[m|en|self-controlled]], [[m|en|temperate]]; with a genitive or ''a'' and the ablative, refraining from.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis 1890)^(Georges 1913)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[tempero|alt=temperō]]

+ * [[temperantia]]

+ * [[tempus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}