splendeo Latin · revision 32154

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=inherited|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *splnd(h)-eh₁-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈspɫɛn.de.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈsplɛn.de.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''splendeō''' (present infinitive splendēre, perfect active splenduī); second conjugation, no passive, no supine stem^(Wiktionary)

+ Augustine has the perfect ''splenduī''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*splnd/þē-]], [[inh|ine-pro|*splnd(h)-eh₁-|t=to be manifest]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) Cognate with [[sga|sluindid|t=to express, declare, name]] and [[cy|ystlwn|t=kin, connection]], from a causative “to make manifest”; because of the Celtic meanings de Vaan thinks it conceivable that the root is related to [[m|ine-pro|*(s)pelH-|t=to speak in public]], seen in Gothic and Armenian words for a tale or legend.^(de Vaan 2008) The OLD compares, with doubt, [[lt|spléndžiu]] and [[mga|lainn|t=bright]], and Wiktionary adds [[oco|splan|t=shining]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Plautus,^(de Vaan 2008) whose ''Rudens'' opens with the star Arcturus saying “I am, as you see, a shining white star”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means to shine or be bright, of stars and of anything gleaming, as Ennius' plain that glitters and bristles with long spears, and to be bright or resplendent with whiteness or colour.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Lewis & Short note that it is mostly poetic and that Cicero has it only once, figuratively.^(Lewis & Short 1879) By transfer it means to shine forth or be distinguished, as Livy's man who shone through the unpopularity of others.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Döderlein says that ''splendere'' is a steady brightness that results from a clear, pure light, the opposite of ''[[sordeo|alt=sordēre]]'', while ''[[niteo|alt=nitēre]]'' is the glistening of something oiled or washed, the opposite of ''[[squaleo|alt=squālēre]]''.^(Döderlein 1874) Church Latin glosses it to shine, glitter, be bright, glisten.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of a shining star.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius of a plain glittering with spears.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy of a man shining forth through others' unpopularity.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 354–430 AD – Augustine uses the perfect ''splenduī''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|shine]], be bright or radiant; to [[m|en|glitter]], gleam.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Stelten 1995)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To be bright or [[m|en|resplendent]] with whiteness or colour.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(figurative)'' To shine forth, be brilliant or distinguished.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[resplendeō]]

+ * [[splendentia]]

+ * [[splendēscō]]

+ * [[splendicō]]

+ * [[splendidus]]

+ * [[splendor]]

+ * [[splendificō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[splendidē]]

+ * [[splendidō]]

+ * [[splendōrifer]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}